Monday, September 27, 2010

The tiny cage that will save their lives: Capsule built to hoist trapped Chilean miners up through 2,330ft of rock arrives

The first of three rescue capsules specially built to lift out 33 miners trapped since early August arrived at the mine on Saturday.

Two back-up rescue devices constructed at Chile's naval shipyard are expected to be delivered next week.

The man-size capsule will be used to pull the miners out one by one once one of the three rescue holes being drilled reach the men.
The government says that should happen by early November or earlier if all goes well.

Mining Minister Laurence Golborne showed off the first capsule to relatives of the trapped miners yesterday.

Golborne and about a dozen family members tried out the capsule, a 924lb tube made of steel mesh and sheets that is big enough to hold one person.

PhotobucketPhotobucket
Rescue effort: Mining Minister Laurence Golborne, right, stands inside a capsule that will be used to extract trapped miners from the collapsed San Jose mine







Carolina Lobos, the 25-year-old daughter of trapped miner Franklin Lobos, said the device seemed very small and confining when she first saw it.

However, after trying it out, she called it comfortable. 'It's very exciting,' she added.
The capsule is nearly 10 feet tall on the outside. Inside, the space is 6¼ feet high and about 21 inches across.

The bottom of the capsule holds three tanks of compressed air - 40 percent oxygen and 60 percent nitrogen, Health Minister Jaime Manalich said.

He said that was enough for about 90 minutes of breathing, more than the 15 to 20 minutes that the journey to the surface is expected to take.

A microphone inside will allow each miner to stay in touch with those inside and outside the mine while being pulled up, Manalich said.

He added that in an emergency, such as the capsule getting jammed in the rescue hole, the bottom can be opened with levers inside so the miner can be lowered back down by cable.


The amazing array of home comforts being enjoyed by the 33 trapped Chilean miners has been revealed for the first time.

The men get a daily laundry service, TV, three hot meals a day and ice cream for dessert. Everyday life for the 33 miners trapped a half-mile underground now includes some of the comforts of home - at least those that can be lowered through narrow holes.

The miners are sleeping on cots that were sent down in pieces and reassembled. They can speak with their families using a phone that also was taken apart and put back together down below.

They have brief video chats with their families on Friday and Saturdays, for a maximum of eight minutes each, thanks to a fiberoptic cable.

Settling in for the long wait, they have established a disciplined routine designed not only to keep them mentally and physically fit, but working together.

The plan, according to the rescue effort's lead psychiatrist, Alberto Iturra Benavides, is to leave them with 'no possible alternative but to survive' until drillers finish rescue holes, which the government estimates will be done by early November.

'Surviving means discipline, and keeping to a routine,' Iturra said.

So when the miners do get moments to relax, they can watch television 13 hours a day, mostly news programsme and action movies or comedies - anything the support team believes won't be too depressing.

They've seen 'Troy' and 'The Curious Case of Benjamin Button' with Brad Pitt and Jim Carrey's 'The Mask.'

But no intense dramas - 'that would be mental cruelty,' said Iturra.


Though some miners have requested them, personal music players with headphones and handheld videogames have been ruled out, because those tend to isolate people from one another.

'With earphones, if they're listening to music and someone calls them, asking for help or to warn them about something, they're not available,' Iturra said. 'What they need is to be together.'

Togetherness is what initially saved the miners when an estimated 700,000 tons of rock collapsed August 5 and sealed off the central section of the mine shaft above them, plunging them into darkness and kicking up thick clouds of dust that made it impossible to see, even with their headlamps.

The collapse happened just as the men were gathered for lunch in the refuge - a space about 12 feet by 12 feet with a fortified ceiling nearly 15 feet high that normally doubles as a dining room in the lower reaches of the mine.

Any sooner or later, and some of the miners probably would have been crushed.

When the dust finally settled about five days later, they could see they were trapped in a large open space, about 1,200 feet long, that runs up the corkscrew-shaped shaft to another workshop about 2,000 feet underground.

The space had several mining vehicles with battery and engine power, a chemical toilet and industrial water, which together with their meager emergency food supply enabled them to survive with no help from the outside world.

'They were 17 days in the darkness - 17 days during which in the first five days they could barely breathe from the dust,' Iturra said.

'And then they had to say, "I didn't die" - this in itself stops you from being frightened.'
Since August 22, when a bore hole reached the miners, their rescue and support team has grown to more than 300.

It includes communications experts, doctors, psychologists, launderers and cooks in addition to the drilling engineers, in what has become a small village in the middle of an Atacama desert.

The crews work in teams and shifts to provide everything necessary for the miners' survival until they can be pulled out.

Iturra said the miners have taken it upon themselves to solve their problems as miners do - through hard work.

Divided into three groups of 11, they sleep on cots in three separate parts of the mine, work in three shifts and share lunch at noon to maintain unity.

Their routine starts with breakfast - hot coffee or tea with milk and a ham-and-cheese sandwich.

Then lots of labour: Removing the loose rock that drops through the bore holes as they are being widened into escape tunnels; cleaning up their trash and emptying the toilet; and attending to the capsules known as 'palomas' - Spanish for carrier pigeons - that are lowered to them with supplies.

The miners must quickly remove the contents - food, clean clothes, medicine, family letters and other supplies - and send back up material such as dirty clothes, rolled up like sausages to fit.

Each trip down takes 12 to 15 minutes, then four minutes for unloading and five minutes to pull them back up.

At least three miners are constantly stationed at the bore hole for this work.

'They know that the paloma never stops - they're watching for it,' said Alejandro Pino, the rescue operations chief for Chile's workplace insurance association, which is responsible for preparing the miners' food and supporting their mental and physical health.

Another bore hole is used for communications, electricity, air and water.

Tubes pump at least 176 pints of water a day and about 4,024 cubic feet of fresh air an hour into the mine, said Erik Araya, a geologist for Codelco, Chile's state-owned copper company.

That enables the miners to take showers and slightly reduces the sweltering heat down below.

Thanks to the pumped-in air, some lower sections have dropped to about 28c (82f), while the upper part of their chamber remains above 32c (90f).

There is little they can do about the humidity - it remains at 90 per cent, Pino said - and many of the miners can still be seen shirtless in images recorded by a video camera the rescue team sent down.

In general, the miners are wearing T-shirts and shorts, socks and heavy work boots.

The rescue team is thinking of sending down running shoes so the men can exercise at least an hour a day, but soon they'll be moving rock in any case, and the heat remains oppressive.

Although there are no microwave ovens down below, the mine is so warm that the plastic-wrapped meals retain their heat well and the men need only unwrap them.

They dine with plates and silverware that were already in the refuge, as well as flexible plastic plates that have been sent down.

Each miner is getting about 2,200 calories a day, the average necessary for an adult to maintain their weight, said Dr. Jose Diaz.

His team sent down a scale similar to that used in a fishmarket to weigh the men, using a harness they added down below.

The results suggest the men have regained body mass after a near-starvation diet the first 17 days, Diaz said.

The rescue team reluctantly agreed to the requests from some men for cigarettes, but alcohol was ruled out, part of an overall routine designed to keep the men focused.

While Iturra's team of psychologists talks with the miners at least twice a day, the men know their survival ultimately depends on each other.

So in addition to twice-daily prayer sessions, they have a kind of group therapy - which the miners call 'showing their cards' - in which they meet to discuss disagreements, plans and achievements.

Just what those disagreements have been, if any, has not been made public.

Photobucket
A crane lifts a capsule that will be used as part of rescue operations at the camp for the miners' relatives at the San Jose copper and gold mine
Photobucket
Fresh hope: In this TV grab taken from a video released by Chile's Presidency, a trapped miner gestures as he celebrates his nation's independence bicentennial last week
Photobucket

Photobucket
Image from below: Esteban Rojas, one of the 33 miners who are trapped deep underground, shows a drill bit of a T 130 drilling machine that is digging an escape hole at the weekend
Photobucket
Fitness regime: Juan Illanes Palma (left) and Mario Gomez, two more of the trapped miners check the drill bit
Photobucket
A worker checks a drill bit of the T130 drill in front of the Precision Drilling machine, which is digging a tunnel to extract the 33 trapped miners from a copper and gold mine near in Copiapo
Photobucket
One of the three capsules that will be used for the rescue of the 33 trapped miners is unloaded
Photobucket
Fitness regime: Juan Illanes Palma (left) and Mario Gomez, two more of the trapped miners check the drill bit
Photobucket
Alejandro Pino, chief of operations of the Chilean Security Association (ACHS), shows a food container before it is sent beneath the surface

AlibrisAlibrisAlibris Hard to Find Books StandardAlibrisAlibrisAlibris

AlibrisAlibris Secondhand Books Skyscraper

Dutch Gardens, Inc.
Dutch Gardens, Inc.

0 comments:

Today Top Recent Posts Here.


Blogger Widgets
Related Posts with Thumbnails

Entertainment News