Showing posts with label prevention. Show all posts
Showing posts with label prevention. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 29, 2009

WHO warns H1n1 virus can mutate.A/H1N1 pandemic not over yet, warns WHO chief



1. High temperature, tiredness and lowered immunity
2. Headache, runny nose and sneezing
3. Sore throat
4. Shortness of breath
5. Loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhoea
6. Aching muscles, limb and joint pain
Source: NHS



Dr Margaret Chan says avian flu is more of a problem than swine flu
The head of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has warned the global swine flu pandemic is not yet over and the virus could still mutate.

Dr Margaret Chan said it was important to "guard against complacency" despite signs the disease had peaked in North America and parts of Europe.

She said the virus was still active in countries including India and Egypt.

More than 11,500 people are believed to have died in more than 200 countries and territories because of swine flu.

However Dr Chan said it would take at least two years before a true death toll could be established.

The WHO's director general said the US, Canada and the UK were among those countries where the worst of the swine flu outbreak had appeared to have passed.

Danger

But she added: "It is too premature and too early for us to say we have come to an end of the pandemic influenza worldwide."

She said experts needed to continue monitoring the pandemic for another six to 12 months as it could mutate into a more dangerous strain.

"We will watch this virus with eagle's eyes," she said.

Dr Chan said it was fortunate the pandemic had been milder than expected.

"The fact that the long overdue influenza pandemic is so moderate in its impact is probably the best health news in a decade," she said.

Millions of people are believed to have recovered after contracting the virus and displaying few symptoms.

She said the demand for swine flu vaccinations in some European countries had been lower than expected and WHO was investigating whether superfluous vaccines could be sent to developing countries.

Dr Chan said drug makers and countries promised to donate nearly 190 million vaccine doses to WHO, with the first doses of the donated vaccines to be distributed in Azerbaijan, Mongolia and Afghanistan next month.

However she admitted she had not yet had a vaccine but said she would have it soon.

She said that although countries are now better prepared to cope with a global disease outbreak, people still had to be aware of the dangers of bird flu (H5N1).

She said this was more toxic and deadly than swine flu and that many countries remained ill-prepared for mass outbreaks of this virus.

"The world is not ready for a pandemic to be caused by H5N1," she said.

The head of the World Health Organization (WHO) warned on Tuesday that the A/H1N1 pandemic influenza is not over yet and the world needs to continue monitoring the evolution of the disease in 2010.

"It's too premature, too early for us to say we have come to an end of the pandemic influenza worldwide," Dr Margaret Chan told a news conference at the WHO headquarters in Geneva.

It's true that many countries in the northern hemisphere have passed the peak of the pandemic, notably in the United States, Canada and parts of Europe, but on the other hand there are still intensive influenza activities in countries like Egypt and India, Chan said.

The current pandemic caused by the H1N1 flu virus has been described as "moderate", but scientists cannot rule out the possibility that the virus could mutate and become more dangerous given the fact that flu virus are highly unpredictable.

So "it would be prudent and appropriate for the WHO together with our members’ states to continue to monitor the evolution of this pandemic for the next six to 12 months," Chan said.

So far nearly 12,000 people worldwide have been killed by the A/H1N1 influenza since the disease first emerged in April, according to an update released by the WHO last week.

But Chan noted that was a laboratory confirmed number, and it actually underestimates the real number of deaths caused by the pandemic.

"Many countries don't have the capacity for surveillance, for diagnosis and for confirmation. So there would be some deaths in some countries that are not reported," Chan said.

According to the WHO chief, the handling of the A/H1N1 pandemic has shown that the world is much better prepared now than five years ago to deal with such diseases. But there are still many gaps in the health systems in many countries.

She warned that the world is not yet ready for dealing with a pandemic caused by the H5N1 bird flu virus, which is "much more toxic and deadly" than the H1N1 virus.

"I just wish that the world does not have to deal with a pandemic ignited by a much more toxic and deadly virus, the avian flu virus H5N1," Chan said.

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Tuesday, September 8, 2009

CDC Says Most Won't Need Drugs for Flu-Antiviral Drugs Should Be Used Cautiously to Fight Flu, U.S. Says

Antiviral medications such as Tamiflu and Relenza, which are effective in treating the H1N1 swine flu, should be taken only by people hospitalized with the flu or those at high risk for complications from the disease, U.S. health officials said Tuesday.

Those at risk include people with underlying health conditions, such as asthma or diabetes, as well as the very young, the elderly, and pregnant women, officials said.

Because the H1N1 swine flu remains mild for the vast majority of people who get it, most people won't need these medications at all, according to new guidelines for antiviral drug use issued by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"Antiviral medicines are a critical part of our tool kit in countering influenza, both the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus and seasonal flu strains," Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, said during an afternoon news conference.

But, Schuchat added, "most children, adolescents and adults who have influenza-like illness do not need antiviral medicine."

One reason why: If too many people take antiviral medicines it could increase the risk that the virus would become resistant to these drugs, Schuchat said.

"We have seen a bit of antiviral resistance already with the 2009 H1N1 strain, and we hope this won't take off," she said. "A critical feature is to use these antivirals very carefully so they can have benefit and not lead to problems."

Because most people who get the flu -- whether H1N1 swine flu or seasonal flu -- will not be tested to see what type of flu they have, the new guidelines are based on symptoms, not a particular flu strain, Schuchat said.

"A key point of the antiviral guidance is that hospitalized patients who are suspected to have influenza need prompt treatment with antiviral medicines," she said. "That can be a very important way to reduce the severity of illness. We don't want providers to wait until test results are available, but we want them to start antivirals when you suspect influenza."

The new guidelines also recommend that, when high-risk people have been in contact with someone who has the H1N1 swine flu, doctors should wait to see if flu symptoms develop before starting treatment with antivirals.


She stressed, however, that the new guidelines leave room for judgment and discretion on the part of doctors. "Every patient is different, and we want clinicians to have that opportunity to customize care for each patient," she said.

The recommendations include:

* Treatment with antivirals is recommended for people at higher risk for complications. These include children younger than 5 years old, adults 65 and older, pregnant women, people with chronic medical or immunosuppressive conditions, such as patients on chemotherapy, and people younger than 19 years of age who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy.
* Treatment should not wait for lab tests because testing can delay treatment and a negative rapid test for flu does not rule out influenza.
* For some high-risk patients, doctors may choose to give them antiviral prescriptions that can be filled should symptoms appear.
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The first 45 million doses of the vaccine are expected by mid-October.


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Thursday, May 28, 2009

World Disease Pandemic - Influence A ( H1N1 ) Flu



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Influence A virus subtype H1N1 is known as A(H1N1) . It is a subtype of influenzavirus A.

Most common in influenza or flu in human.

Some are endemic in Human (occur in human) , less virulent H1nN1 occurs in swine and bird.

Less virulent cause influenze like illness like seasonal flu.

In March, April and May 2009, thousands of laboratory-confirmed infections and a number of deaths were caused by an outbreak of new influence virus subtye called A(H1N1)

Previous deadly and dangerous outbreak include :-

Spanish Flu
1918 outbreak which kill about 50-100 millions of human worldwide. Cause by a subtype of H1N1 influence virus. It unusually severe and part of an avian influenze that mutated and migrate into human.

It cause a cytokinase storm , which basically cause the overstimulate immune system to secrete cytokinase into the lung tissues . This cause the lung to be flooded with fluid and destruction of lung tissues.

It cause difficulty in breathing to human and death.

Russian Flu.
The more recent Russian flu was a 1977–1978 flu .Less dangerous and only infect younger people below 23 years old. Properly because it hit in 1945 era , hence causing the adult have immunity to it. In 1978-79 , it is included influenza vaccine.

2009 Influenza A(H1N1) outbreak

Consist of a mongrel of mixture of 4 types of subtype of influenze flu viruses.North American Mexican influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe.Mixture of human,avian ,swine influence.


W.H.O in April 2009 called this new strain as Influence A(H1N1) virus.

Symptoms of Infection.

The symptoms of this new H1N1 flu virus in people are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this new H1N1 virus also have reported diarrhea and vomiting. The high risk groups for novel H1N1 flu are not known at this time but it’s possible that they may be the same as for seasonal influenza. People at higher risk of serious complications from seasonal flu include people age 65 years and older, children younger than 5 years old, pregnant women, people of any age with chronic medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), and people who are immunosuppressed (e.g., taking immunosuppressive medications, infected with HIV).


How to Prevent in Infection to self

The four key things to do that will help in preventing you from getting the H1N1 Flu or Swine Flu:
    1. Wash Your Hands
    2. Cover Your Cough
    3. Don't Touch Your Face
    4. Stay Away from People Who are Sick



CDC Recommendation
CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses.

    * Oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu ®) is approved to both treat and prevent influenza A and B virus infection in people one year of age and older.
    * Zanamivir (brand name Relenza ®) is approved to treat influenza A and B virus infection in people 7 years and older and to prevent influenza A and B virus infection in people 5 years and older.
Recommendations for using antiviral drugs for treatment or prevention of swine influenza will change as we learn more about this new virus.

Check with your physician to find out if you would need to take one of these medications to prevent or treat Swine Flu.


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