Tuesday, December 29, 2009

Terrorist's explosive of choice: Chemical that is small, powerful... but easily detected

Photobucket
Terror suspect: Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab in 2002 at his year 11 graduation ceremonyPhotobucket
The explosive would have been picked up on a full-body scanner like this one at Ronald Reagan Airport in Washington DCPhotobucket
A TSA officer screens an airline passenger in Terminal C at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Pre-flight screenings were stepped up after Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab was accused of trying to blow up a Northwest Airlines flight


The explosive device used by the would-be Detroit bomber contained a widely available - and easily detected - chemical that has a long history of terrorist use, according to experts.

The chemical - PETN - is small, powerful and appealing to terrorists.

The Saudi government said it was used in an assassination attempt on the country's counterterrorism operations chief in August.

It was also a component of the explosive that Richard Reid, the convicted 'shoe bomber,' used in his 2001 attempt to down an airliner.

PETN was widely used in the plastic explosives terrorists used to blow up airplanes in the 1970s and 1980s.

Investigators say Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab hid an explosive device on his body when he traveled from Amsterdam to Detroit.

They say PETN was hidden in a condom or condom-like bag just below his torso.

Abdulmutallab also had a syringe filled with liquid.

One law enforcement official said the second part of the explosive concoction used in the Christmas Day incident is still being tested but appears to be a glycol-based liquid explosive.

PETN is the primary ingredient in detonating cords used for industrial explosions and can be collected by scraping the insides of the wire, said James Crippin, a Colorado explosives expert.

It is also used in military devices and found in blasting caps. PETN is the high explosive of choice because it is stable and safe to handle, but it requires a primary explosive to detonate it.

Crippin and law enforcement officials said modern airport screening machines could have detected the chemical.

Airport 'puffer' machines - the devices that blow air on to a passenger to collect and analyse residues - would probably have detected the powder, as would bomb-sniffing dogs or a hands-on search using a swab.However, most passengers in airports only go through magnetometers, which detect metal rather than explosives.

Hidden in Abdulmutallab's clothing, the explosive might have also been detected by the full-body imaging scanners now making their way into airports.
But Abdulmutallab did not go through full-body imaging machines in Nigeria or Amsterdam, said U.S. Rep. Peter King, the top Republican on the Homeland Security Committee.

Both airports have body scanners.

The Amsterdam airport has had a long reputation for good security, King said, while Nigeria's airports have been more of a concern.
The U.S. provided full-body scanners to all four international airports in Nigeria, according to the State Department.

The scanners were installed in March, May and June of 2008.

Abdulmutallab was on a broad U.S. terrorist watch list but he was not designated for special screening measures or placed on a no-fly list because of a dearth of specific information about his activities, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said.

She added that he was properly screened before getting on the aircraft in Amsterdam.

Abdulmutallab has claimed to law enforcement officials that he received training and instructions from al-Qaeda operatives in Yemen.

The Saudi Arabia assassination attempt was carried out by a Saudi who was on the country's list of 85 most wanted terrorists.

The bomber was believed to have traveled to Yemen to connect with the al-Qaeda group there.

He died in the explosion and is believed to have attached the explosives to his groin or inserted them inside himself.

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